Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an update.
نویسندگان
چکیده
The endothelium plays a vital role in maintaining circulatory homeostasis by the release of relaxing and contracting factors. Any change in this balance may result in a process known as endothelial dysfunction that leads to impaired control of vascular tone and contributes to the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic diseases. Reduced endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased production of thromboxane A2, prostaglandin H2 and superoxide anion in conductance and resistance arteries are commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive, diabetic and obese animals, resulting in reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and in increased vasoconstrictor responses. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the role of enhanced overactivation of β-adrenergic receptors inducing vascular cytokine production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling that seem to be the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, heart failure and in endocrine-metabolic disorders. However, some adaptive mechanisms can occur in the initial stages of hypertension, such as increased NO production by eNOS. The present review focuses on the role of NO bioavailability, eNOS uncoupling, cyclooxygenase-derived products and pro-inflammatory factors on the endothelial dysfunction that occurs in hypertension, sympathetic hyperactivity, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These are cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases of high incidence and mortality around the world, especially in developing countries and endothelial dysfunction contributes to triggering, maintenance and worsening of these pathological situations.
منابع مشابه
Endothelial Progenitor Cell Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications for The Genesis of Cardiovascular Diseases
متن کامل
A Review of the Relationship between Obesity and Some Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women
Introduction: Obesity, one of the major growing problems of the present century is reaching pandemic proportions. Today, a large percentage of men and women of all ages suffer from obesity. The relationship between obesity and its effect on sexual dysfunction through different mechanisms has been documented. Obesity, a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases with impaired immune s...
متن کاملAdipokines at the crossroad between obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Obesity, and especially excessive visceral adipose tissue accumulation, is considered as a low-grade inflammatory state that is responsible for adipocyte dysfunction and associated metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue displays endocrine functions by releasing pro- or anti-inflammatory bioactive molecules named adipokines. An altered expression of these molecules, provoked by obesity or adipocyte...
متن کاملEffects of Parenteral Vitamin D on the Biomarkers of the Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, in turn, are responsible for mortality of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated whether a single parenteral dose of 25(OH) Vit D could improve the endothelial function in T2D patients with ischemic heart disease. A randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind trial was perf...
متن کاملEndocrine Aspects of Childhood Obesity
Childhood obesity and its related comorbidities, such as dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and impaired glucose metabolism, which constitute the Metabolic Syndrome, are associated with an increased risk for early onset endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease later in life. Genetic, epigenetic and developmental influences, such as maternal weight status during preg...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas
دوره 44 9 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2011